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بایگانی‌های Michael Ruse - خانه اخلاق پژوهان جوان
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Belief’s Own Ethics (Bradford Book)

by Jonathan Adler

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Subject: Belief And Doubt, Evidence, Philosophy / Epistemology,

The fundamental question of the ethics of belief is “What ought one to believe?” According to the traditional view of evidentialism, the strength of one’s beliefs should be proportionate to the evidence. Conventional ways of defending and challenging evidentialism rely on the idea that what one ought to believe is a matter of what it is rational, prudent, ethical, or personally fulfilling to believe. Common to all these approaches is that they look outside of belief itself to determine what one ought to believe.In this book Jonathan Adler offers a strengthened version of evidentialism, arguing that the ethics of belief should be rooted in the concept of belief—that evidentialism is belief’s own ethics. A key observation is that it is not merely that one ought not, but that one cannot, believe, for example, that the number of stars is even. The “cannot” represents a conceptual barrier, not just an inability. Therefore belief in defiance of one’s evidence (or evidentialism) is impossible. Adler addresses such questions as irrational beliefs, reasonableness, control over beliefs, and whether justifying beliefs requires a foundation. Although he treats the ethics of belief as a central topic in epistemology, his ideas also bear on rationality, argument and pragmatics, philosophy of religion, ethics, and social cognitive psychology.

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Liberal Eugenics: In Defense Of Human Enhancement

by Nicholas Agar

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Subject: Eugenics, Gene Therapy, Genetic Engineering, Human Cloning,

In this provocative book, philosopher Nicholas Agar defends the idea that parents should be allowed to enhance their children’s characteristics.Gets away from fears of a Huxleyan ‘Brave New World’ or a return to the fascist eugenics of the past. Written from a philosophically and scientifically informed point of view. Considers real contemporary cases of parents choosing what kind of child to have. Uses ‘moral images’ as a way to get readers with no background in philosophy to think about moral dilemmas. Provides an authoritative account of the science involved, making the book suitable for readers with no knowledge of genetics. Creates a moral framework for assessing all new technologies.

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STARVED FOR SCIENCE

by Paarlberg

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Subject: Agricultural Biotechnology - Africa, Agriculture And State - Africa, Crops - Genetic Engineering - Africa,

Producer: Heron & CraneHeading upcountry in Africa to visit small farms is absolutely exhilarating given the dramatic beauty of big skies, red soil, and arid vistas, but eventually the two-lane tarmac narrows to rutted dirt, and the journey must continue on foot. The farmers you eventually meet are mostly women, hardworking but visibly poor. They have no improved seeds, no chemical fertilizers, no irrigation, and with their meager crops they earn less than a dollar a day. Many are malnourished. Nearly two-thirds of Africans are employed in agriculture, yet on a per-capita basis they produce roughly 20 percent less than they did in 1970. Although modern agricultural science was the key to reducing rural poverty in Asia, modern farm science—including biotechnology—has recently been kept out of Africa. In Starved for Science Robert Paarlberg explains why poor African farmers are denied access to productive technologies, particularly genetically engineered seeds with improved resistance to insects and drought. He traces this obstacle to the current opposition to farm science in prosperous countries. Having embraced agricultural science to become well-fed themselves, those in wealthy countries are now instructing Africans—on the most dubious grounds—not to do the same. In a book sure to generate intense debate, Paarlberg details how this cultural turn against agricultural science among affluent societies is now being exported, inappropriately, to Africa. Those who are opposed to the use of agricultural technologies are telling African farmers that, in effect, it would be just as well for them to remain poor.

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EIGHT THEORIES OF ETHICS

by Gordon Graham

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Subject: Ethics, Ethiek./ Gtt, Morale, Philosophy / General,

Eight Theories of Ethicsis a comprehensive introduction to the fundamental theories of ethics . Gordon Graham begins by introducing fundamental issues that underpin the concept of ethics, such as relativism and objectivity, before introducing eight major theories: * Egoism * Hedonism * Naturalism and Virtue Theory * Existentialism * Kantianism * Utilitarianism * Contractualism * Religion The author brings often abstract issues to life by drawing on examples from the great moral philosophers, including Plato, Aristotle, Hume, Mill, Nietzsche, Kant and Sartre. Contemporary examples, such as Darwinism, debates over human nature, the environment and citizenship are given.

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نتایج برای : Michael Ruse
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