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بایگانی‌های Jonathan Morris - خانه اخلاق پژوهان جوان
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MORAL RESPONSIBILITY AND THE BOUNDARIES OF COMMUNITY

by Marion Smiley

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Subject: Blame, Pragmatism, Responsibility,

The question of responsibility plays a critical role not only in our attempts to resolve social and political problems, but in our very conceptions of what those problems are. Who, for example, is to blame for apartheid in South Africa? Is the South African government responsible? What about multinational corporations that do business there? Will uncovering the “true facts of the matter” lead us to the right answer? In an argument both compelling and provocative, Marion Smiley demonstrates how attributions of blame–far from being based on an objective process of factual discovery–are instead judgments that we ourselves make on the basis of our own political and social points of view. She argues that our conception of responsibility is a singularly modern one that locates the source of blameworthiness in an individual’s free will. After exploring the flaws inherent in this conception, she shows how our judgments of blame evolve out of our configuration of social roles, our conception of communal boundaries, and the distribution of power upon which both are based. The great strength of Smiley’s study lies in the way in which it brings together both rigorous philosophical analysis and an appreciation of the dynamics of social and political practice. By developing a pragmatic conception of moral responsibility, this work illustrates both how moral philosophy can enhance our understanding of social and political practices and why reflection on these practices is necessary to the reconstruction of our moral concepts.

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Spirituality, Philosophy and Education

by David Carr

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Subject: Education / General, Religious Education, Spirituality, Teaching,

The book examines the meaning, role, and possibilities of spirituality in education from a wide range of perspectives.

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HUME

by Claudia M. Schmidt

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Subject: Hume, David, Philosophy / Criticism, Philosophy / History & Surveys / General, Philosophy / History & Surveys / Modern,

In his seminal Philosophy of David Hume (1941), Norman Kemp Smith called for a study of Hume “in all his manifold activities: as philosopher, as political theorist, as economist, as historian, and as man of letters, ” indicating that “Hume’s philosophy, as the attitude of mind which found for itself these various forms of expression, will then have been presented, adequately and in due perspective, for the first time.” Claudia Schmidt seeks to address this long-standing need in Hume scholarship. Against the charges that Hume holds no consistent philosophical position, offers no constructive account of rationality, and sees no positive relation between philosophy and other areas of inquiry, Schmidt argues for the overall coherence of Hume’s thought as a study of “reason in history.” She develops this interpretation by tracing Hume’s constructive account of human cognition and its historical dimension as a unifying theme across the full range of his writings. Hume, she shows, provides a positive account of the ways in which our concepts, beliefs, emotions, and standards of judgment in different areas of inquiry are shaped by experience, both in the personal history of the individual and in the life of a community. This book is valuable at many levels: for students, as an introduction to Hume’s writings and issues in their interpretation; for Hume specialists, as a unified and intriguing interpretation of his thought; for philosophers generally, as a synthesis of recent developments in Hume scholarship; and for scholars in other disciplines, as a guide to Hume’s contributions to their own fields.

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A Philosophy of War

by Alexander Moseley

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Subject: History / Military / General, History / Military / Other, Philosophy / Political, War,

Moseley considers war from all angles: Christian, Marxist, Platonic, behavioralist, economic, psychological, and biological; he concludes that market-based societies tend to foster cooperation more than combat.?

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