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بایگانی‌های Bernard Mandeville - خانه اخلاق پژوهان جوان
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PRIMATES AND PHILOSOPHERS

by Dr. Frans de Waal

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Subject: Science,

“It’s the animal in us,” we often hear when we’ve been bad. But why not when we’re good? Primates and Philosophers tackles this question by exploring the biological foundations of one of humanity’s most valued traits: morality. In this provocative book, primatologist Frans de Waal argues that modern-day evolutionary biology takes far too dim a view of the natural world, emphasizing our “selfish” genes. Science has thus exacerbated our reciprocal habits of blaming nature when we act badly and labeling the good things we do as “humane.” Seeking the origin of human morality not in evolution but in human culture, science insists that we are moral by choice, not by nature. Citing remarkable evidence based on his extensive research of primate behavior, de Waal attacks “Veneer Theory,” which posits morality as a thin overlay on an otherwise nasty nature. He explains how we evolved from a long line of animals that care for the weak and build cooperation with reciprocal transactions. Drawing on both Darwin and recent scientific advances, de Waal demonstrates a strong continuity between human and animal behavior. In the process, he also probes issues such as anthropomorphism and human responsibilities toward animals. Based on the Tanner Lectures de Waal delivered at Princeton University’s Center for Human Values in 2004, Primates and Philosophers includes responses by the philosophers Peter Singer, Christine M. Korsgaard, and Philip Kitcher and the science writer Robert Wright. They press de Waal to clarify the differences between humans and other animals, yielding a lively debate that will fascinate all those who wonder about the origins and reach of human goodness.

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NOTES TO ARISTOTLE’S ETHICS

by William Edward Jelf

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Subject: ,

This scarce antiquarian book is included in our special Legacy Reprint Series. In the interest of creating a more extensive selection of rare historical book reprints, we have chosen to reproduce this title even though it may possibly have occasional imperfections such as missing and blurred pages, missing text, poor pictures, markings, dark backgrounds and other reproduction issues beyond our control. Because this work is culturally important, we have made it available as a part of our commitment to protecting, preserving and promoting the world’s literature.

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Moral Sentiments and Material Interests

by H. Gintis

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Subject: Cooperation, Economics, Game Theory,

Moral Sentiments and Material Interests presents an innovative synthesis of research in different disciplines to argue that cooperation stems not from the stereotypical selfish agent acting out of disguised self-interest but from the presence of “strong reciprocators” in a social group.Presenting an overview of research in economics, anthropology, evolutionary and human biology, social psychology, and sociology, the book deals with both the theoretical foundations and the policy implications of this explanation for cooperation. Chapter authors in the remaining parts of the book discuss the behavioral ecology of cooperation in humans and nonhuman primates, modeling and testing strong reciprocity in economic scenarios, and reciprocity and social policy. The evidence for strong reciprocity in the book includes experiments using the famous Ultimatum Game (in which two players must agree on how to split a certain amount of money or they both get nothing.)

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AN INTRODUCTION TO CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS IN EDUCATION

by Rebecca Rogers

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Subject: Critical Discourse Analysis, Interaction Analysis In Education, Learning,

This landmark text is the first introduction to concepts and issues in critical discourse analysis for educational researchers. The central premise is that critical discourse analysis must be conducted “systematically,” which means conducting inquiry into the ways in which language form and function correlate with social practices. Bringing together the work of New Literacy Studies, situated literacy, critical discourse theory and analysis with theories of learning, the text is distinctive in providing not just useful analytic accounts of discourse in classroom and other settings, but going on to identify ways in which these forms of language are connected to theories of learning. Contributions from two pioneers in the field–James Gee and Norman Fairclough–are combined with empirically grounded chapters that illustrate variations of their approaches to critical discourse analysis. Each chapter presents examples of systematical critical discourse analysis and its relevance in education settings, and provides detailed information on analytic procedures. An Introduction to Critical Discourse Analysis in Education: *introduces key concepts in critical discourse analysis and answers some of the frequently asked questions; *situates critical discourse analysis within educational research; and *provides detailed analytic procedures, to demystify the process, allow researchers to have a conversation about issues of trustworthiness of interpretations and value to educational contexts, and enable replication of studies. The new synthesis of theoretical and empirical studies in critical discourse analysis and education the book presents will interest newcomers to critical discourse analysis, as well as researchers and educators interested in discourse, identity, and learning. The descriptive, critical ethnographic and interpretive approaches to critical discourse analysis developed in each chapter make the book accessible yet theoretically rich. Pedagogical features make critical discourse analysis accessible to students. The text is cross-disciplinary, intended for courses in qualitative methodology, discourse analysis, critical discourse studies, and literacy education. It will appeal not only to education researchers but to a wide readership within literacy studies, linguistics, sociology, and other social sciences concerned with contemporary approaches to describing and explaining the role of language in learning and education.

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